Guide to Authors

Revised on March 25, 2010

1. Preparation of Manuscripts

Papers submitted must not have been published or accepted for publication elsewhere.

Use American English spelling throughout and follow Merriam-Webster's New Collegiate Dictionary, 10th ed., for guidance on spelling. Authors, whose native languages are not English, are requested to consult a native English speaker to improve the English of their paper before submission.

Manuscripts that do not conform to the requirements mentioned below may be returned to the author(s) for modification.

2. Submission of Manuscripts

Manuscripts should be submitted electronically as an e-mail attachment. The text should be in PDF format. Add extension of the file format (e.g., xxx.pdf) to the file name.

Each Table and Figure should be on separate pages, collected at the end of the manuscript and combined in one PDF file. A manuscript with separated files will NOT be processed. The file size should NOT exceed 3 MB. Figures and tables should be numbered consecutively in the order in which they occur in the text. If figures or tables from other publications are used, the source must be cited.

For more information on preparing tables and digital figures see the section on Figures and Tables below.

Manuscripts with non-standard symbols should be submitted in PDF format (as well as in Word) to ensure readability.

Hard copy submissions will also be received, although any relevant data matrices are recommended to be sent as an electronic medium.

All manuscripts should be addressed to:

Applied Entomology and Zoology
c/o Center for Academic Publications Japan
2-4-16, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
E-mail: odokon@capj.or.jp

3. Types of Manuscripts
  • Original research papers
  • Technical notes
  • Reviews
4. Style and Format

Original research papers should not exceed 7,000 words (8 published pages without references), technical notes should not exceed 2,550 words (3 published pages without references) and reviews should not exceed 8,500 words (10 published pages without references). Over page charge of 10,000 yen for each additional half page will be charged for papers that exceed these limits.

Manuscripts should be double-spaced throughout text (23 lines/page) and should contain 12-point, true type font such as Times New Roman font, and all margins should be at least 30 mm on A4 sized pages (21 x 29.7 cm). Use italic font only for scientific names (Genus and species) and statistical values (e.g., P or F value) in the text.

Each page of the manuscript should have the page number at the bottom center. Pages should be numbered sequentially to the very last page, including pages with tables, figures, and appendices.

Note that line numbers are now also requested. Lines should be numbered sequentially from the top page to the end of the references.

4.1. Order of Elements

Arrange the manuscript in the following order: TITLE PAGE, ABSTRACT and KEY WORDS (up to five words), INTRODUCTION, MATERIALS AND METHODS, RESULTS, DISCUSSION (or RESULTS AND DISCUSSION) and ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS, REFERENCES, FIGURE LEGENDS, TABLES AND FIGURES. The abstract and key words should be on a separate page from the title page and each section of the text, introduction, materials and methods, results, discussion, acknowledgments, references, and figure legends, should begin on separate pages. Do not put more than one table or figure on the same page.

4.2. Title page

Only the running title (not to exceed 40 letters), the title, the authors' names, affiliations and footnotes should be written on the first page of the manuscript.

Title should give the type of study, organisms involved and geographical areas if pertinent.

When the name of an organism is given in the title, use both its common name and its scientific name (without scientific authority), or just its scientific name. For animals scientific names should be followed by the order and family placement as shown in the example below.

Example:
Feeding activity of Chrysocharis pentheus (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) against tomato leafminer, Liriomyza sativae (Diptera: Agromyzidae)

4.3. Authors and affiliations

Use superscripted numbers to show affiliations. Include the full addresses of all authors.

Example:
Chun Xiao,1,† Peter C. Gregg2 and Zhongning Zhang3,*
1State Key Laboratory, The University of Tokyo; 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0024, Japan
2China-Japan Cooperative Center of Technology and Research; 434103, P.R. China
3Institute of Agricultural Entomology; 2005 Colorado, Denver, CO 80532, USA

Footnotes

Avoid footnotes in the text. Use footnotes with superscripted characters "†" for present addresses of authors and "*" for e-mail address of the corresponding author, etc. Place footnotes at the bottom of the title page.

Examples of footnotes are:
--------------
†Present address: National Institute for Agricultural Biodiversity, 3-1-5 Matsumi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8845, Japan.
*To whom correspondence should be addressed at: E-mail: sample@example.com

4.4. Abbreviations

Use standard abbreviations as listed in the latest edition of the Council of Biology Editors' "Scientific Style and Format", The CBE Manual for Authors, Editors, and Publishers, Cambridge University Press, or references listed in this guide. Avoid nonstandard abbreviations.

Time

h (hour), min (minute), y (year), d (day), 16L8D. Do not add "s" to create plurals (e.g., ys).

Fig./Figs.

Use "Fig." for singular and "Figs." for plural (e.g., Fig. 1; Figs. 2 and 3).

Dates

Dates in the text should be written as April 1, 1991; June 28, 2003, etc.

Do not abbreviate names of months in text.

Units of measurement

Use metric units. All measurement specifications must follow the SI system. Other abbreviations should only be employed if they are recognized internationally. All biological and chemical terms used should follow current international nomenclature. Substances or reagents obtained commercially must include the name and address of the manufacturer or supplier when first mentioned in the text. Concentrations of solutions may be given as molar or normal concentrations. All other concentrations are expressed as percentages. Use the italic "l" for liter, but use ml and nl etc, "M" for mole/lL (e.g., nM), °C for temperature (do not use a Fahrenheit scale), etc.

Use "%" only with numerals and in tables and figures. Close up space to numerals (e.g., 50%). Otherwise, use the word percentage (e.g., percentage of defoliation).

Do not insert space between numbers and symbols, e.g., 3%, 20°C.

Numbers

Spell out numbers at the beginning of a sentence. Spell out the numbers one through nine (10 and up are always used as numerals), unless they are used as units of measure (e.g., five insects, nine frogs, 3 g, 2 ml; NOT 5 insects, 9 frogs, three grams, two milliliters). This includes spelling out the ordinals first through ninth, along with twofold, one-way ANOVA, and one-half. Ordinals from 10 and higher are numerals, such as 10th or 31st. In some cases, exceptions can be made if the editor concurs. There is some flexibility in interpreting the rules.

Zeros

All numbers <1 must be preceded by a zero (e.g., 0.05).

Commas

When a number is >1,000, use a comma to separate hundreds from thousands.

Semicolon

Use a semicolon to separate different types of citations (Fig. 1; Table 4).

4.5. Abstract and Key words

On a page separate from the title page (page 2), provide an abstract no longer than 200 words. Do not cite references, figures or tables. Refer to results only in the general sense. Place key words (up to five) on a line below the abstract in the following style.

The first letter of the first key word should be a large capital but the other words should be all in small letters. Each key word should be separated by semicolons.

Example:
Key words: Pheromone; light intensity; sticky trap; apple orchard; oviposition

All articles must have an English abstract. However, a Japanese abstract of less than 400 characters is also requested. A Japanese abstract is not necessary for non-Japanese authors.

4.6. Animal and plant names

Scientific names of genus, species, and subspecies should be formatted in italics. The full scientific name of each species (including plants) must be given together with authority for its name when first mentioned in the abstract and the main text, and its genus should be abbreviated thereafter with an exception that a sentence starts with a scientific name. Do NOT abbreviate common names (e.g., do NOT use RWW for Rice water weevil).

4.7. Figures and Tables

Make Figures in 2 columns wide (16 cm). But remember Figures and Tables will be reduced to one column (width 8.0 cm x length 22.5 cm) or two columns (width 16.0 cm x length 22.5 cm) in publication, 22.5 cm wide x 16.0 cm long may be acceptable. Therefore, authors should create their figures and tables with these column widths in mind.

Figures

Wherever possible, it is best to avoid using a full page for a set of illustrations. That is, authors should attempt to make each illustration separately from the others and should consider numbering illustrations as separate figures rather than as multiple parts of the same figure.

Line drawings should only be contour drawings without halftones (photo, shades of grey). Please do not use patterns; rough hatching is possible.

When choosing a font size, remember that it should be large enough so that reduction to fit the journal page will not make lettering difficult to read. Final lettering size should be 8 or 9 point using Arial, Helvetica, Times New Roman or Times Roman fonts. Letter locators on figures composed of more than one element should match those in the text (either upper- or lowercase). Figures will not be relettered nor flaws corrected.

Captions for all figures should be numbered consecutively and typed double-spaced in order at the end of the manuscript, immediately preceding the figures. Captions must be self-explanatory. Captions must not be on the page with the figures.

Color figures and photos are acceptable but authors have to meet the full cost of color reproduction (50,000 yen/page).

After acceptance, figures must be sent as separate TIFF, EPS, PPT or JPEG files.

All lines must be sufficiently thick (0.5 points minimum) to reproduce well, and all symbols, superscripts, subscripts and decimal points must be in good proportion to the rest of the drawing and large enough to allow for any necessary reduction without loss of detail. Avoid small open symbols that tend to fill in upon reproduction. The same font style and lettering sizes should be used for all figures of similar size.

Tables

Tables should be created using the table function in MS Word or the tabulator in other softwares (e.g., Excel). Do not use less than 8 or 9 point size font. Tables should be numbered in Arabic numerals and grouped at the end of the text (i.e., after the list of references), each on a separate page. Each table footnote should be labeled with a typographic symbol keyed to the title, boxhead or entry of the table. Descriptive material not requiring a specific footnote should be placed under the table as a general note rather than in the title of the table. If a table continues on more than one page, repeat column headings on subsequent page(s).

Title

Title should be short and descriptive. Do not footnote a title; use the unlettered first footnote to include general information necessary to understand the table (e.g., define terms, abbreviations and statistical tests).

Lines

Use only horizontal lines to separate title from column headings, column headings from data field, and data field from footnotes. Do not use vertical lines to separate columns. All columns must have headings.

Operational Signs

Repeat operational signs throughout data field. Insert a space on either side of the sign (e.g., 1.42 ± 1.36).

Spacing

Insert a space between lowercase letters and their preceding values (e.g., 731.2 ab). Insert a space between numbers and units. e.g., 5 g, 20 l. Do not insert space between numbers and symbols, e.g., 3%, 20°C.

Footnotes to Tables

Use footnotes to define or clarify column headings or specific datum within the data field. Do not footnote the title; use the unlettered first footnote to include general information necessary to understand the table (e.g., define terms, abbreviations and statistical tests). The use of asterisks is reserved for statistical significance only.

Example:
Means within a column followed by the same letter are not significantly different (p < 0.05; Student t-test). *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001; ns, not significant).

Use lowercase superscripted letters (e.g., a, b, c) to indicate footnotes. Footnote letters should appear in the table in consecutive order from left to right across the table then down the page.

4.8. References

References in the text should be indicated by the author(s) and year: dual authorship by the use of the name of both authors, and multiple authorship by the name of the first author followed by roman "et al." List only papers actually cited under the heading "REFERENCES", which have been arranged alphabetically by the author's last name.

Do NOT cite M.S. theses or proceedings only including abstract. Do not list articles as "in press" unless accepted for publication by the journal concerned. Early view articles with DOI or volume and page numbers can be cited as references.

Include enough information to allow a reader to obtain cited material (e.g., book must include name and location [city or state] of publisher). The name of a journal should be given in the abbreviated form, strictly following the codes given in http://library.caltech.edu/reference/abbreviations/, or the most recent issue of BIOSIS Serial Sources. References should not be numbered.

Examples of references in the text:

Single author

(Kainoh, 1991) or Kainoh (1991)

Two authors

(Honda and Kainoh, 1994) or Honda and Kainoh (1994)

Three or more authors

(Nakai et al., 2001) or Nakai et al. (2001)

Multiple citations (separate citations with a semicolon)

(Tanaka, 1996; Nakai et al., 1997; Kainoh and Honda, 1998)

Multiple publications by same author(s)

(Honda et al., 1995a, b, 1997; Nakai, 1996)

Personal communications

(B. A. Wood, personal communication).

Obtain and forward (at submission) a letter of permission to use citations of personal communications (from those other than authors).

Unpublished data

(B. A. Wood, unpublished data) for one author or (unpublished data) for several authors.

Obtain and forward (at submission) a letter of permission to use citations of unpublished data (from those other than authors).

Software

JMP version 6.0.0 (SAS Institute, 2005)

No author

U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) (2001) or (USDA, 2001)

International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) (2001) or (IRRI, 2001)

Web site citations

Complete URL can be cited in the text, but limit to as few as possible.
(http://host.name/path/file.html).

Online journals
Do not cite online journals, unless volume numbers are determined.

Examples of references for journal articles, books and book chapters are as follows.

Use italics for journal, book names and underline them to emphasize the italics.

Journals
  • Inoue, M. (1990) Prevention of spider mite dispersal with creased vinyl. Jpn. J. Appl. Entomol. Zool. 34: 49-53 (in Japanese with English summary).
  • Gotoh, T. and K. Noguchi (1990) Developmental success and reproductive incompatibility among populations of the European red mite, Panonychus ulmi (Acari: Tetranychidae). Exp. Appl. Acarol. 10: 157-165.
  • Ôtake, A. (1981) Proposal for terminology of plants associated with the life history of fruit-piercing stink bugs. Plant Prot. 35: 39-41 (in Japanese).

When the journal name is in English and another language, the English name only should be used.

Books and Chapters
  • Strong, D. R., J. H. Lawton and T. R. E. Southwood (1992) Insects on Plants, Community Patterns and Mechanisms. Blackwell, London. 313 pp.
  • Helle, W. and M. W. Sabelis (eds.) (1985) Spider Mites: Their Biology, Natural Enemies and Control. Vol. A. Elsevier, Amsterdam. 405 pp.
  • Takafuji, A. (1994) Variation in diapause characteristics and its consequences on population phenomena in the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch. In Insect Life-Cycle Polymorphism (H. V. Danks and A. A. Ducke, eds.). Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, pp. 113-132.

If the number of authors exceeds 10, "et al." may be used.

  • Soeda, M. et al. (2015) Total genome sequence of Aphis egomae Shinji (Homoptera: Aphididae). Appl. Entomol. Zool. 50: 1-8.

Please check spelling and capitalization carefully. Only the first character of the title should be capitalized, unless it is a scientific name. Use only English title.

How to order references:

References cited should be in alphabetical order of surname of first author. If surname of the first author is the same in multiple references, order them by the number of author(s) (e.g., single author is first and two authors next). If surname of a single author is the same, order them chronologically. If the first author is the same for two authors, order the references in alphabetical order by surname of second author. If both of the two authors are alphabetically the same, order them chronologically. In case of three or more authors, references order alphabetically by the first author and then chronologically, despite the alphabetic order of the second and subsequent authors.

References with the same first author and same year should identified by a,b,c after the year.

Examples:

  • Chapman, R. F. (1998) The Insects: structure and function. 4th edition. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. 520 pp.
  • Denbor, T. E. and R. Texas (2005) Flight activity of the large white butterfly, Pieris brassicae. Entomol. Exp. Appl. 30: 25-28.
  • Eastwood, C. W. (2001a) Genetic diversity of Diptera in orchard. Am. Insect Biol. 91: 25-29.
  • Eastwood, C. W. (2001b) Invasive dipteran species from Australia. Insect Biol. Physiol. 25: 699-712.
  • Honda, H. and R. Honda (1998a) Minor component of pheromone of Chilo suppressalis (Walker). J. Chem. Ecol. 59: 1-15.
  • Honda, R. and H. Honda (1998b) Seasonal differences of pheromone of Chilo suppressalis (Walker). Chem. Ecol. 19: 221-225.
  • Honda, H. and Y. Kainoh (1997) Induced resistant of citrus against yellow tea thrips, Scirotothrips dorsalis (Thysanoptera: Thrypidae). Appl. Entomol. Zool. 32: 345-351.
  • Ishii, S. (2005) Feeding preference of Delia antiqua (Meigen) (Diptera: Anthomyiidae) on Alium plants. Appl. Entomol. Zool. 40: 15-19.
  • Ishii, S. and J. Janett (2003) Growth rate of Liriomyza triforii on Vicia faba leaves. J. Insect Ecol. 127: 152-156.
  • Ishii, S., J. Janett and J. Walker (2002) Oviposition of Liriomyza triforii on Vicia faba leaves. J. Insect Ecol. 126: 567-571.
  • Ishii, S., C. W. Eastwood, J. Walker and Y. Sona (2003) Larval morphology of Delia antiqua. Ann. Appl. Entomol. 12: 211-216.
  • Ishii, S., J. C. Depp and J. Walker (2004a) Preference of Liriomyza triforii on Vicia faba strains. J. Entomol. 128: 126-130.
  • Ishii, S., I. Osim and Y. Sona (2004b) Performance of Liriomyza triforii on beans. J. Appl. Entomol. 258: 316-320.
  • NRC (2002) Predicting Invasions of Nonindigenous Plants and Plant Pests. National Research Council, National Academy Press, Washington DC. 198 pp.
  • OECD (2004) Guidance for information requirements for regulation of invertebrates as biological control agents. Series on Pesticides. Available from http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/ 6/20/28725175.pdf
  • SAS Institute (2005) JMP: Statics and Graphics Guide, version 6.0.0. SAS Institute, Cary, NC.
5. Galley Proofs

Authors will receive proofs for correction when their contributions are formatted for publication; further proofs will be sent as needed at the discretion of the Editor. Alterations from the original manuscript are not allowed in the proofs. In case of multiple authorship, the proof will be sent to the first author unless otherwise indicated.

6. Reprints

Authors may order reprints in lots of 50 for a charge at the time of publication.

COPYRIGHT:

All articles published in this journal are protected by copyright, which covers the exclusive rights to reproduce and distribute the article. No material published in this journal may be reproduced without written permission from the editor.

» Home