Japanese Society of Applied Entomology and Zoology - "JSAEZ, toward the sustainable human society"

Papers submitted must not have been published or accepted for publication elsewhere.

Use American English spelling throughout and follow Merriam-Webster's New Collegiate Dictionary, 10th ed., for guidance on spelling. Author(s) whose native language is not English, are requested to consult a native English speaker to improve the English of their paper before submission.

Manuscripts that do not conform to the requirements mentioned below may be returned to the author(s) for modification.

Manuscripts should be submitted electronically as an e-mail attachment. The text should be in PDF format. Add extension of the file format (e.g., xxx.pdf) to the file name.

Each Table and Figure should be on separate pages, collected at the end of the manuscript and combined in One PDF file. A manuscript with separated files will NOT be processed. The file size should NOT exceed 3 MB. Please number figures and tables consecutively in the order in which they occur in the text. If figures or tables from other publications are used, the source must be cited.

For more information on preparing tables and digital figures see the section on Figures and Tables below.

Manuscripts with non-standard symbols should be submitted in PDF format to ensure readability.

Hard copy submissions may also be received, although any relevant data matrices are recommended to be sent as an electronic medium. Please put a return address on the back of any parcels, in case of non-delivery.

Applied Entomology and Zoology
c/o Center for Academic Publications Japan
2-4-16, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
E-mail: odokon@capj.or.jp

Original articles should not exceed 8 published pages including figures and tables without references (ca. 7,000 words in text), and a mini review should not exceed 10 published pages without references (ca. 8,500 words). Over page charge of 10,000 yen for each additional half page will be charged for papers that exceed these limits.

Manuscripts should be double-spaced throughout text (23 lines/page) and should contain 12-point, true type font such as Times New Roman font, and all margins should be at least 30 mm on A4 sized pages (21 x 29.7 cm). Use italic font only for scientific names (Genus and species) and statistical values (e.g., P or F value) in the text. It is NOT necessary to underline italicized words.

Each page of the manuscript should have the page number at the bottom center. Pages should be numbered sequentially to the very last page, including pages with tables, figures, and appendices.

Note that line numbers are now also requested. Lines should be numbered sequentially from the top page to the end of the references.

Arrange the manuscript in the following order: Title page, Abstract and Key words (three to five words), INTRODUCTION, MATERIALS AND METHODS, RESULTS, DISCUSSION (or RESULTS AND DISCUSSION) and ACKNOWLEDGESMENTS, REFERENCES, Figure Legends, Tables and Figures. The abstract and key words should be on a separate page from the title page. The text should begin on separate pages. Do not put more than one table or figure on the same page.

Only the running title (not to exceed 40 letters), the title, the authors' names, affiliations and footnotes should be written on the first page of the manuscript.

Title should give the type of study, organisms involved and geographical areas if pertinent.

When the name of an organism is given in the title, use both its common name and its scientific name, or just its scientific name. For animals scientific names should be followed by the order and family placement as shown in the example below.

Example:
Feeding activity of Chrysocharis pentheus (Walker) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) against tomato leafminer, Liriomyza sativae Blanchard (Diptera: Agromyzidae)

Use small capitals for family names of each author. Use superscripted numbers to show affiliations. Include the full addresses of all authors.

Example:
Chun Xiao,^1,† Peter C. Gregg² and Zhongning Zhang^3,*
1State Key Laboratory, The University of Tokyo; 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0024, Japan
²China-Japan Cooperative Center of Technology and Research; 434103, P.R. China
³Institute of Agricultural Entomology; 2005 Colorado, Denver, CO 80532, USA

Avoid footnotes in the text. Use footnotes with superscripted characters "†" for present addresses of authors and "*" for e-mail address of the corresponding author, etc. Place footnotes at the bottom of the title page.

Examples of footnotes are:
--------------
^†Present address: National Institute for Agricultural Biodiversity, 3-1-5 Matsumi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8845, Japan.
^*To whom correspondence should be addressed at: E-mail: sample@example.com

On a page separate from the title page (page 2), provide an abstract no longer than 200 words. Do not cite references, figures or tables. Refer to results only in the general sense. Place three to five key words on a line below the abstract in the following style.

The first letter of the first key word should be a large capital but the other words should be all in small letters. Each key words should be separated by semicolons.

Example:
Key words: Pheromone; light intensity; sticky trap; apple orchard; oviposition

All articles must have an English abstract. However, a Japanese abstract of less than 400 characters is also requested. A Japanese abstract is not necessary for non-Japanese authors.

Use standard abbreviations as listed in the latest edition of the Council of Biology Editors' "Scientific Style and Format", The CBE Manual for Authors, Editors, and Publishers, Cambridge University Press, or references listed in this guide. Avoid nonstandard abbreviations.

Time

h (hour), min (minute), y (year), d (day), 16L8D. Do not add "s" to create plurals (e.g., ys).

Fig./Figs.

Use "Fig." for singular and "Figs." for plural (e.g., Fig. 1; Figs. 2 and 3).

Dates

Dates in the text should be written as April 1, 1991; June 28, 2003, etc.

Do not abbreviate names of months in text.

Units of measurement

Use metric units. All measurement specifications must follow the SI system. Other abbreviations should only be employed if they are recognized internationally. All biological and chemical terms used should follow current international nomenclature. Substances or reagents obtained commercially must include the name and address of the manufacturer or supplier when first mentioned in the text. Concentrations of solutions may be given as molar or normal concentrations. All other concentrations are expressed as percentages. Use "L" for liter, but you can use ml and nl etc, when a metric prefix precedes a unit of measure, "M" for mole/L (e.g., nM), °C for temperature (do not use a Fahrenheit scale), etc.

Use "%" only with numerals and in tables and figures. Close up space to numerals (e.g., 50%). Otherwise, use the word percentage (e.g., percentage of defoliation).

Use "per" rather than a slash unless reporting measurements in unit to unit (e.g., insects per branch, not insects/branch; but g/cm², not g per cm².

Insert a space between numbers and units. e.g., 5 g, 20 L. Do not insert space between numbers and symbols, e.g., 3%, 20°C.

Numbers

Spell out numbers at the beginning of a sentence. Spell out the numbers one through nine (10 and up are always used as numerals), unless they are used as units of measure (e.g., five insects, nine frogs, 3 g, 2 ml; NOT 5 insects, 9 frogs, three grams, two milliliters). This includes spelling out the ordinals first through ninth, along with twofold, one-way ANOVA, and one-half. Ordinals from 10 and higher are numerals, such as 10th or 31st. In some cases, exceptions can be made if the editor concurs. There is some flexibility in interpreting the rules.

Zeros

All numbers <1 must be preceded by a zero (e.g., 0.05).

Commas

When a number is >1,000, use a comma to separate hundreds from thousands.

Semicolon

Use a semicolon to separate different types of citations (Fig. 1; Table 4).

Scientific names of genus, species, and subspecies should be formatted in italics. The full scientific name of species and subspecies must be used when first mentioned in a title, abstract and text, and its genus abbreviation should be used thereafter (e.g., D. platura).

Do NOT abbreviate common names (e.g., do NOT use RWW for Rice water weevil).

Animal species names should be followed by the order and family placement (e.g., Delia platura (Meigen) (Diptera: Anthomyiidae) when first mentioned, whereas plant species names should be followed by only the family placement (e.g., Phaseolus vulgaris L. (Fabaceae)).

The name of the author(s) does not form part of the name of a taxon and its citation is optional, although customary and often advisable. The original author and a name should be cited at least once in each paper dealing with the taxon denoted by that name. This is especially important in distinguishing between homonyms and in identifying species-group names that are not in their original combinations.

The name of the author(s), whether in parenthesis or not, is very important information for the scientific name. Parentheses around authors' names should be used in changed combinations. When a species-group name is combined with a generic name other than the original one, the name of the author of the species-group name, if cited, is to be enclosed in parentheses. For example, Chrysopa carnea Stephens, which is now placed in the genus Chrysoperla, is cited as Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens). Parentheses are not used when the genus name is still the same as the originally combined one (e.g., Chrysopa formosa Brauer).

Write scientific names exactly based on the International Code of Zoological (or Botanical) Nomenclature by referring to the newest papers. Use Roman font for the author and do not use small capitals.

Make Figures in 2 columns wide (16 cm). Remember Figures and Tables will be reduced to one column (width 8.0 cm x length 22.5 cm) or two columns (width 16.0 cm x length 22.5 cm) in publication, 22.5 cm wide x 16.0 cm long may be acceptable. Therefore, authors should create their figures and tables with these column widths in mind.

Wherever possible, it is best to avoid using a full page for a set of illustrations. That is, authors should attempt to make each illustration separately from the others and should consider numbering illustrations as separate figures rather than as multiple parts of the same figure.

Charts from Excel and SigmaPlot should NOT be used unless they are in one of the above formats.

Line drawings should only be contour drawings without halftones (photo, shades of grey). Please do not use patterns; rough hatching is possible.

When choosing a font size, remember that it should be large enough so that reduction to fit the journal page will not make lettering difficult to read. Final lettering size should be 8 or 9 point using Arial, Helvetica, Times New Roman or Times Roman fonts. Letter locators on figures composed of more than one element should match those in the text (either upper- or lowercase). Figures will not be relettered nor flaws corrected.

Captions for all figures should be numbered consecutively and typed double-spaced in order at the end of the manuscript, immediately preceding the figures. Captions must be self-explanatory. Captions must not be on the page with the figures.

Color figures and photos are acceptable but authors have to meet the full cost of color reproduction (50,000 yen/page).

After acceptance, figures must be sent as separate TIFF or EPS files.

Both electronic files and hard copies are required for color illustrations. Indicate the software (including version number) and computer operating system used to create each figure.

All color files must be submitted as CMYK (cyan, magenta, yellow, and black) graphics. Do not use RGB graphics (red, green, and blue; colors specifically used to produce an image on a monitor), because they will not print correctly. Remember that the more complex your artwork becomes, the greater the possibility for problems in output process. Avoid complicated textures and shadings, especially in vector-illustration programs that increase the chance for a poor-quality final product. Color illustrations add significant extra costs to your publication charges. Use as few color figures as possible.

The minimum requirements for good resolution in color figures are 600 dpi for line art and fine lines (line art with fine lines or shading), 300 dpi for halftones and color illustrations, and 600 dpi for combinations (e.g., halftones with lettering outside the photo area).

All lines must be sufficiently thick (0.5 points minimum) to reproduce well, and all symbols, superscripts, subscripts and decimal points must be in good proportion to the rest of the drawing and large enough to allow for any necessary reduction without loss of detail. Avoid small open symbols that tend to fill in upon reproduction. Lettering produced by dot matrix printers, typewriters or by hand is not acceptable. The same font style and lettering sizes should be used for all figures of similar size.

Tables should be created using the table function in MS Word or the tabulator in other softwares (e.g., Excel). Final lettering size is 8 or 9 point size font. Tables should be numbered in Arabic numerals and grouped at the end of the text (i.e., after the list of references), each on a separate page. Each table footnote should be labeled with a typographic symbol keyed to the title, boxhead or entry of the table. Descriptive material not requiring a specific footnote should be placed under the table as a general note rather than in the title of the table. If a table continues on more than one page, repeat column headings on subsequent page(s).

Title

Title should be short and descriptive. Do not footnote a title; use the unlettered first footnote to include general information necessary to understand the table (e.g., define terms, abbreviations and statistical tests).

Lines

Use only horizontal lines to separate title from column headings, column headings from data field, and data field from footnotes. Do not use vertical lines to separate columns. All columns must have headings.

Operational Signs

Repeat operational signs throughout data field. Insert a space on either side of the sign (e.g., 1.42 ± 1.36).

Insert a space between lowercase letters and their preceding values (e.g., 731.2 ab).

Footnotes to Tables

Use footnotes to define or clarify column headings or specific datum within the data field. Do not footnote the title; use the unlettered first footnote to include general information necessary to understand the table (e.g., define terms, abbreviations and statistical tests). The use of asterisks is reserved for statistical significance only.

Example:
Means within a column followed by the same letter are not significantly different (p < 0.05; Student t-test). *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001; ns, not significant).

Use lowercase superscripted letters (e.g., a, b, c) to indicate footnotes. Footnote letters should appear in the table in consecutive order from left to right across the table then down the page.

References in the text should be indicated by the author(s) and year: dual authorship by the use of the name of both authors, and multiple authorship by the name of the first author followed by roman "et al." List only papers actually cited under the heading "REFERENCES", which have been arranged alphabetically by the author's last name.

Do NOT cite M.S. thesis and proceedings only including abstract. Do not list articles as "in press" unless accepted for publication by the journal concerned.

Include enough information to allow a reader to obtain cited material (e.g., book must include name and location [city or state] of publisher). The name of a journal should be given in the abbreviated form, strictly following the codes given in http://library.caltech.edu/reference/abbreviations/, or the most recent issue of BIOSIS Serial Sources. References should not be numbered.

Examples of references in the text:

Single author

(Kainoh, 1991) or Kainoh (1991)

Two authors

(Honda and Kainoh, 1994) or Honda and Kainoh (1994)

Three or more authors

(Nakai et al., 2001) or Nakai et al. (2001)

Multiple citations (separate citations with a semicolon)

(Tanaka, 1996; Nakai et al., 1997; Kainoh and Honda, 1998)

Multiple publications by same author(s)

(Honda et al., 1995a, b, 1997; Nakai, 1996)

Personal communications

(B. A. Wood, personal communication).

Obtain and forward (at submission) a letter of permission to use citations of personal communications (from those other than authors).

Unpublished data

(B. A. Wood, unpublished data) for one author or (unpublished data) for several authors.

Obtain and forward (at submission) a letter of permission to use citations of unpublished data (from those other than authors).

Software

JMP version 6.0.0 (SAS Institute, 2005)

No author

U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) (2001) or (USDA, 2001)

International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) (2001) or (IRRI, 2001)

Web site citations

Complete URL can be cited in the text, but limit to as few as possible.
(http://host.name/path/file.html).

Online journals

Some publishers offer pre-publication services with articles available online prior to their inclusion in a printed issue. If the online articles are fully functional, complete and searchable with active links, or can be downloaded as a PDF with journal-style formatted pages, you can cite as a reference. Although online articles do not have bibliographic information associated with them (i.e. volume/issue number, page range), they can still be cited by means of their DOI (Digital Object Identifier). You may use year of the online publication for reference in the text and reference list.

Example:

• Sakai, I. and T. Oda (2008) Production of a new source for attraction. J. Insect Behav. doi: 10.2332/j.1596-0301.2008.01890.x

Publications of only online journals such as Journal of Insect Science, should be cited as follows:

• Edo, H., W. R. Nabeatsu and Y. Kojima (2005) Survival time of small bugs. J. Insect Sci., 5:29, Available from insectscience.org/5.29.

Examples of references for journal articles, books and book chapters are as follows.

Use italics for journal, book names.

Journals

• Inoue, M. (1990) Prevention of spider mite dispersal with creased vinyl. Jpn. J. Appl. Entomol. Zool. 34: 49-53 (in Japanese with English summary).
• Gotoh, T. and K. Noguchi (1990) Developmental success and reproductive incompatibility among populations of the European red mite, Panonychus ulmi (Acari: Tetranychidae). Exp. Appl. Acarol. 10: 157-165.
• Ôtake, A. (1981) Proposal for terminology of plants associated with the life history of fruit-piercing stink bugs. Plant Prot. 35: 39-41 (in Japanese).

When the journal name is in English and another language, the English name only should be used.

Books and Chapters

• Strong, D. R., J. H. Lawton and T. R. E. Southwood (1992) Insects on Plants, Community Patterns and Mechanisms. Blackwell, London. 313 pp.
• Helle, W. and M. W. Sabelis (eds.) (1985) Spider Mites: Their Biology, Natural Enemies and Control. Vol. A. Elsevier, Amsterdam. 405 pp.
• Takafuji, A. (1994) Variation in diapause characteristics and its consequences on population phenomena in the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch. In Insect Life-Cycle Polymorphism (H. V. Danks and A. A. Ducke, eds.). Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, pp. 113-132.

If the number of authors exceeds 10, "et al." may be used.

• Soeda, E. et al. (2015) Total genome sequence of Aphis egomae Shinji (Homoptera: Aphididae). Appl. Entomol. Zool. 50: 1-8.

Please check spelling and capitalization carefully. Only the first character of the title should be capitalized, unless it is a book title and a scientific name. Use only English title.

How to order references:

References cited should be in alphabetical order of surname of first author. If surname of the first author is the same in multiple references, order them by the number of author(s) (e.g., single author is first and two authors next). If surname of a single author is the same, order them chronologically. If the first author is the same for two authors, order the references in alphabetical order by surname of second author. If both of the two authors are alphabetically the same, order them chronologically. In case of three or more authors, references order alphabetically by the first author and then chronologically, despite the alphabetic order of the second and subsequent authors.

References with the same first author and same year should identified by a,b,c after the year.

Examples:

• Chapman, R. F. (1998) The Insects: structure and function. 4th edition. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. 520 pp.
• Denbor, T. E. and R. Texas (2005) Flight activity of the large white butterfly, Pieris brassicae. Entomol. Exp. Appl. 30: 25-28.
• Eastwood, C. W. (2001a) Genetic diversity of Diptera in orchard. Am. Insect Biol. 91: 25-29.
• Eastwood, C. W. (2001b) Invasive dipteran species from Australia. Insect Biol. Physiol. 25: 699-712.
• Honda, H. and R. Honda (1998a) Minor component of pheromone of Chilo suppressalis (Walker). J. Chem. Ecol. 59: 1-15.
• Honda, R. and H. Honda (1998b) Seasonal differences of pheromone of Chilo suppressalis (Walker). Chem. Ecol. 19: 221-225.
• Honda, H. and Y. Kainoh (1997) Induced resistant of citrus against yellow tea thrips, Scirotothrips dorsalis (Thysanoptera: Thrypidae). Appl. Entomol. Zool. 32: 345-351.
• Ishii, S. (2005) Feeding preference of Delia antiqua (Meigen) (Diptera: Anthomyiidae) on Alium plants. Appl. Entomol. Zool. 40: 15-19.
• Ishii, S. and J. Janett (2003) Growth rate of Liriomyza triforii on Vicia faba leaves. J. Insect Ecol. 127: 152-156.
• Ishii, S., J. Janett and J. Walker (2002) Oviposition of Liriomyza triforii on Vicia faba leaves. J. Insect Ecol. 126: 567-571.
• Ishii, S., C. W. Eastwood, J. Walker and Y. Sona (2003) Larval morphology of Delia antiqua. Ann. Appl. Entomol. 12: 211-216.
• Ishii, S., J. C. Depp and J. Walker (2004a) Preference of Liriomyza triforii on Vicia faba strains. J. Entomol. 128: 126-130.
• Ishii, S., I. Osim and Y. Sona (2004b) Performance of Liriomyza triforii on beans. J. Appl. Entomol. 258: 316-320.
• NRC (2002) Predicting Invasions of Nonindigenous Plants and Plant Pests. National Research Council, National Academy Press, Washington DC. 198 pp.
• OECD (2004) Guidance for information requirements for regulation of invertebrates as biological control agents. Series on Pesticides. Available from http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/ 6/20/28725175.pdf
• SAS Institute (2005) JMP: Statics and Graphics Guide, version 6.0.0. SAS Institute, Cary, NC.

Authors will receive proofs for correction when their contributions are formatted for publication; further proofs will be sent as needed at the discretion of the Editor. Alterations from the original manuscript are not allowed in the proofs. In case of multiple authorship, the proof will be sent to the first author unless otherwise indicated.

Authors may order reprints in lots of 50 for a charge at the time of publication.

All articles published in this journal are protected by copyright, which covers the exclusive rights to reproduce and distribute the article. No material published in this journal may be reproduced without written permission of The Japanese Society of Applied Entomology and Zoology.